Hot Pepper Production Guide
June 15, 2011| Introduction |
| Hot pepper (Capsicum Frutescens L.) or siling labuyo, is a perennial plant with small, tapering fruits, often 2-3, at a node. The fruits of most varieties are red, some are yellow purple or black. The fruits are very pungent. The flowers are greenish white or yellowish white. |
| Uses and Nutritional Value |
| Hot pepper is used generally as a condiment. Its extracts are also used to control borers and other larval insects. |
| Each 100 g edible portion contains: |
Nutrient Amount Water 86.0 g Protein 1.9 g Fat 1.9 g Carbohydrates 9.2 g Iron 1.2 mg Calcium 14.4 mg Vitamin A 700-21600 IU Vitamin C 242.0 mg Energy Value 257.0 kJ |
| Production Management |
| Varieties |
Varieties Description Matikas long, tapering, smooth, dark green fruits, wildmild pungency; cooking type C-1550 Smooth, light green en fruits, with mild pungency; cooking type Inokra Long, tapering, slightly wrinkled, light green fruits, not pungent; cooking type Pasas 2-3 cm long, dark green to deep red shiny fruits, extremely pungent |
| Climatic and Soil Requirements |
| Hot pepper can be grown from low to mid elevation throughout the year. Production is best, however, during the cool, dry months of October to March in sandy loam soil. |
| Seedling Production |
| Lines sow 200-250 g of seeds in a seedbed prepared from a mixture of equal parts of animal manure, rice hull charcoal and soil. Make shallow lines spaced 10-15 cm apart. Water before and after sowing. Mulch with rice hull and straw. Provide partial shade. Water regularly. Harden the seedling one week before transplanting. |
| Land Preparation |
| Prepare the area thoroughly. For small areas, make plots 0.75-1 m wide for two-row/plot planting. In bigger areas, make furrows 0.5-0.75 m apart for single-row planting. Apply basal fertilizer at 5-7 bags/ha 14-14-14 and 5-10 t/ha manure. Transplant at a spacing of 0.3-0.5 m between hills. |
| Transplanting |
| Hot pepper grows best under full sunlight although it can also tolerate partial shade. Transplant raised beds I m wide and about 20-30 cm high. The spacing between hills and rows is 30-50 cm with two rows in each bed. Make holes in the beds and place a handful of compost or animal manure. Place 1-2 seedlings in the hole and cover with soil, pressing lightly near the stem for maximum contact between roots and soil. Water immediately after transplanting. |
| Hot pepper can also be grown in clay pots, cans, and plastic bags. It can be treated as an ornamental if maintained properly. |
| Fertilization |
| Hot pepper responds well to inorganic fertilizer. However, animal manure and compost are better sources of nutrients. Another alternative is to grow hot pepper around basket composts. |
| Irrigation |
| Apply water once a week or as needed. Watering is needed in container-grown plants. Mulching in both plots and containers can cut watering by at least 50%. Grasses, paper, sawdust, manure and plastic sheets can be used for mulching. |
| Apply water once a week or as needed. Watering is needed in container-grown plants. Mulching in both plots and containers can cut watering by at least 50%. Grasses, paper, sawdust, manure and plastic sheets can be used for mulching. |
| Pest and Disease Management |
| The main diseases of hot pepper are bacterial wilt and viruses. Bacterial wilt is soilborne and difficult to control. Wilting in fully-grown plants is usually due to bacterial wilt. Grow in containers with sterilized soil instead. Viruses are systemic, so pull out and bury infected plants (mosaic, leaf curling, fern-like leaves) to prevent spread of diseases through insect vectors. |
| The major insect pests of pepper are thrips, mites, armyworm, fruit fly and shoot borers. Thrips is a problem during the dry season and can be managed by overhead irrigation. Removing damaged fruits and shoots can manage shoot and fruit borer. |
| Harvesting |
| Harvesting mature green or fully ripened red fruits. Pack in plastic crates, cartons, or bamboo crates lined with banana leaves. |
| Seeds can also be extracted from the red fruits. Air-dry and sun-dry seeds for 3-5 days. Place in plastic bags or clear bottles, seal and store in a cool, dry place or inside the refrigerator. Label properly to indicate variety and date of harvest. |
| Cost and Return Analysis Per Hectare |
| ITEMS AMOUNT (P) I. VARIABLE COSTS P 72,375 A. Labor (P150/MD) Plowing 1,500 Harrowing (2x) 1,000 Bedding 1,500 Manure application 2,000 Seedling production (15 MD) 2,250 Mulching w/ rice straw (8 MD) 2,250 Transplanting (10 MD) 1,500 Fertilization; basal (2 MD) & 1,200 side-dress (6 MD) Irrigation (64 MD) 9,600 Spraying ( 32 MD) 4,800 Weeding (30 MD) 4,500 Harvesting (20 MD) 3,000 Miscellaneous (20 MD) 3,000 Sub-total 38,100 |
| B. Materials Seeds (200 g//ha) 2,000 Animal manure (10 t) 10,000 Fertilizers 14-14-14 (5 bags) 1,750 46-0-0 ( 5 bags) 2,325 0-0-60 (2 bags) 1,200 Chemical spray 7,000 Fuel & Oil 5,000 Miscellaneous 5,000 Sub-total 34,275 II. FIXED COSTS 23,463 Land rental 10,000 Depreciation 5 pcs. Scythe (2 yrs) 63 5 pcs. Hoe ( 2 yrs) 125 3 pcs. Shovel (3 yrs) 75 2 knapsack sprayers (5 yrs) 800 Interest on Loans at 20% int. p.a. 12,400 TOTAL COSTS 95,838 GROSS INCOME a 200,000-250,000 NET INCOME 104,162-154,162 ______________________________________ a With marketable yield of 8-10 t/ha at P25/kg |
Posted by bong. Posted In : Agrikultyur
